何首乌“九蒸九晒”炮制工艺优选及对L02肝细胞生长的影响

目的探索何首乌"九蒸九晒"最佳炮制工艺及不同炮制品对正常人L02肝细胞生长的影响。方法选择蒸制时间、炮制次数、晒制时间3个因素,采用L9(34)正交试验,以二苯乙烯苷、游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌含量为考察指标,优选炮制工艺;以细胞抑制率为评价指标,考察何首乌不同炮制品对L02肝细胞生长的影响。结果优选的何首乌"九蒸九晒"最佳炮制工艺为:蒸制4 h,晒制4 h,蒸晒11次。优选炮制品的肝细胞抑制率为2.86%,药典法炮制品的肝细胞抑制率为23.67%。结论本研究优选的何首乌"九蒸九晒"炮制工艺结果可靠,评价指标可控,所得炮制品的肝细胞抑制率低于药典法炮制品。     

The role of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAG) in strengthening health system governance: Lessons from three middle-income countries—Argentina,Jordan, and South Africa (2017–2018)

IntroductionToward the Global Vaccine Action Plan 2020 goal, almost 90% of countries have established a National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG). However, little is known about NITAG's contributions to governance.MethodsIn 2017–2018, a two-step, qualitative retrospective study was conducted. Jordan (JO), Argentina (AR), and South Africa (SA) were selected owing to government-financed NITAGs from middle-income countries (MICs), geographic diversity, and a vaccine introduction with NITAG support. Country case studies were developed, collecting data through desk review and face-to-face key informant interviews (KIIs) from Ministry of Health (MoH) and NITAG. Case studies were analyzed together, to assess governance applying the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies framework focusing on transparency, accountability, participation, integrity, and policy capacity (TAPIC).ResultsDocument review and 53 KII (22 AR, 20 SA, 11 JO) showed NITAGs played a pivotal role as advisors promoting a culture of evidence-informed policies. NITAGs strengthened governance, although practices varied among countries. Meetings were conducted behind-closed-doors, participation restricted to members, only in one country agendas, and recommendations were public (AR). To increase participation, policy capacity, and transparency, countries considered adding experts in communications, advocacy, and economics. AR and SA contemplated including community members. NITAGs functioned autonomously from the government, with no established internal or external monitoring or supervision. NITAG meeting minutes allowed the review of integrity, adherence to terms of reference, standard operating procedures, and conflict of interest (CoI). For the most part, NITAGs abided by their mandates. Significant issues were related to the level of MoH support and oversight of CoI declaration and documentation.ConclusionsSystematically implementing governance approaches could improve processes, better tailor policies, and implementation. The long-term survival and resilience of NITAGs in these countries showed they play a significant role in strengthening governance. Lessons learned could be useful to those promoting country-driven evidence-informed decision-making.     

愈骨疗伤片的处方筛选及制备工艺研究

  目的：优化愈骨疗伤片的制备工艺,筛选最优制剂处方。  方法：在考察提取物粒径基础上,以片剂中川续断皂苷溶出量作为考察指标,采用正交试验对搅拌速度、制粒速度和聚维酮K30浆液浓度三者关系进一步考察。采用单因素进一步优选润滑剂和包衣工艺条件。  结果：最佳的愈骨疗伤片处方为提取物颗粒中加入10%乳糖、7.5%羧甲基淀粉钠和2.5%聚维酮K30,以及0.5%硬脂酸镁混合后压片；采用低浓度乙醇包衣液进行包衣。  结论：制得的愈骨疗伤片制剂工艺稳定,包衣后改善了片剂的吸潮性,增加了产品的稳定性,更便于保存和运输。     

光学表面监测系统与CBCT确定左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气放疗误差的比较

目的 建立本单位应用光学表面监测系统(OSMS)门控技术在左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气(DIBH)放疗的基本流程,比较应用OSMS与CBCT确定左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗摆位误差的一致性。方法 20例左侧乳腺癌患者采用DIBH方法治疗,OSMS与模拟定位DIBH体表外轮廓配准,CBCT扫描与模拟定位CT配准各记录得到误差数据,数据包括左右(x)、上下(y)、前后(z)方向平移误差和旋转误差Rx、Ry、Rz。采用Pearson法分析两者相关性,Bland-Altman法检验两者一致性。结果 两种方法呈正相关,x、y、z方向平移误差以及Rx、Ry、Rz方向旋转误差的相关系数分别为0.84、0.74、0.84、0.65、0.41、0.54(P<0.01),95%CI值分别为-0.37~0.42 cm、-0.39~0.41 cm、-0.29~0.49cm和-2.9°~1.4°、-2.6°~1.4°、-2.4°~2.5°,均<5mm和3°。20例左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗患者系统误差<0.18cm,随机误差<0.24cm。结论 左侧乳腺癌DIBH放疗中应用OSMS与CBCT两种方式确定与模拟定位状态误差具有一致性,CBCT图像引导基础上使用无辐射的OSMS验证位置信息是安全可靠的。     

Morphological,Functional, and Tissue Characterization of Silent Myocardial Involvement in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis

1. Download : Download high-res image (419KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

血清SAA/CRP、CD64对儿童甲型流感早期诊断的临床价值分析

目的探讨血清淀粉酶A蛋白(SAA)与C-反应蛋白(CRP)比值SAA/CRP、中性粒细胞表面抗原CD64对儿童甲型流感早期诊断的临床价值。方法选择2017年8月~2019年2月来医院儿科就诊的125例流感症状患儿作为研究对象,根据患儿临床诊断结果将其分为甲型流感组31例、非甲型流感组94例;再选择同期在天津海河教育园区达文路卫生服务中心健康体检健康儿童30例作为对照组。患儿入组后立即留取鼻咽吸取液,采用RT-PCR鉴定流感病毒型别;采集末梢血进行7项呼吸道病毒联合检测及血清SAA、CRP以及外周血中性粒细胞表面抗原CD64表达水平。结果甲型流感组与非甲型流感组患儿血清SAA、SAA/CRP以及CD64指数显著高于对照组,甲型流感组血清SAA、SAA/CRP以及CD64指数显著高于非甲型流感组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),3组儿童血清CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。运用ROC曲线分析在疑似甲型流感125例患儿中血清SAA、CRP、SAA/CRP以及CD64对甲型流感诊断价值,结果显示各指标诊断曲线下面积分别为0.908、0.641、0.994、0.957。结论甲型流感患儿血清SAA、SAA/CRP以及中性粒细胞表面受体CD64表达显著升高,在甲型流感患儿的早期临床诊断中具有较高的辅助价值。     

Thrombosis and infections of peripherally inserted central catheters in burn patients: A 3-year retrospective study and a systematic review

AimsPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are becoming common and effective in acute and critical care settings recently. Burn patients need special considerations because of restricted insertion sites, burn wounds, hyper coagulation, high infection rates and others. However, the safety of PICCs in burn patients are not well elucidated and no related protocol has been formed. This study aims to investigate the thrombosis and infections of PICCs in burn patients.MethodsThis was a single center retrospective study and a systematic review. All the burn patients with PICCs between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 were included. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science was performed from inception to 4 June 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. Upper extremity vein thrombosis (UEVT) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) were the main outcome.ResultsA total of 85 successful PICCs in 78 patients were included. Most patients were male (79.5%), adults(80.8%) and injured by flame(74.4%). The mean TBSA was 50.3% and 76.9% of patients had TBSA more than 30%. Most PICCs were punctured once (60.0%) and inserted less than 30 days after injury (80.0%) through basilar vein (70.6%). The overall line days were 2195 days and the mean line days was 25.8 ± 18.3 days. Six PICCs were complicated by UEVT (7.1%) in 21.2 ± 17.3 days after insertion. Patients with UEVT had significantly higher rate of bacteremia and later insertions than those without UEVT. One patient developed CLABSI and the CLABSI rate was 1.2% and 0.5 per 1000 line days. Six PICCs had catheter colonization. No significant risk factors were identified. Five articles involving 293 patients and 319 PICCs were ultimately evaluated in systematic review. The overall incidence of UEVT was 3.2% and CLABSI was 6.9% in burn populations.ConclusionPICCs in burn patients had acceptable incidence of UEVT and CLABSI with relative long line durations. A standardized PICC guideline for burn patients is required to further improve the feasibility and safety of PICCs.     

Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in the characterization of vascular network patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia

PurposeTo visualize and quantify vascular networks in individuals with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodCross-sectional study of OSSN patients. Vascular networks were measured by OCTA in the epithelium and sub-epithelial space in the tumors, adjacent tissue, and in the contralateral eye. Vessel area density (VAD, percent of blood vessels within 2.14 mm²), was calculated for each location. Total tumor density (TTD, percent of blood vessels within the entire tumor) was calculated. VAD was assessed separately for corneal and conjunctival locations and compared.ResultsFifteen patients with OSSN were included. The mean age was 61 ± 12 years and the majority were male (80%). The mean tumor area, volume, depth, and TTD were 28.0 ± 9.0 mm² (range, 10.9–39.7), 9.1 ± 4.1 mm³ (range, 3.4–18.8), 334 ± 125 μm (range, 177–571), and 33.2% ± 11.0% (range, 18.7–58.8), respectively. The VAD was highest within the tumor (28.9% ± 8.7%) followed by the adjacent sub-epithelial tissue and the tissue underneath the conjunctival component of tumor. These densities were higher than the VAD in the tissues of the non-involved eye (all P < 0.05). The VAD within conjunctival component of tumor was significantly higher than those with corneal component (29.8% ± 9.5% vs. 21.1% ± 5.5%, p = 0.006). The VAD under conjunctival tumor was also significantly higher than under corneal component (24.1% ± 7.8% vs. 17.0% ± 6.1%, p = 0.024).ConclusionsOCTA imaging allowed for visualization and quantification of vessel structure and density within, under, and surrounding OSSN.